Unani doctors in India practice Tibb-e-Unani (Greco-Arab medicine) — diagnosing through Mizaj (temperament) assessment and Nabz (pulse) examination, then prescribing herbal compound formulations (Joshanda, Itrifal, Laboob, Majoon) and regimenal therapies (Ilaj Bil Tadbeer) including Hijama (cupping), massage (Dalk), and Hammam (steam bath). The standard route is BUMS (Bachelor of Unani Medicine and Surgery, 5.5 years including 1-year compulsory internship) admitted via NEET-UG through AYUSH counselling from a CCIM/NCISM-recognised college. Practice settings span government AYUSH dispensaries, dedicated Unani hospitals (Karol Bagh Unani Hospital Delhi, Hyderabad Tibb-e-Unani), the Hamdard Wakf Foundation network, National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM Bengaluru), Jamia Tibbiya Deoband (Saharanpur), academic institutions, and AYUSH Health and Wellness Centres under Ayushman Bharat. The work integrates rigorous classical-text knowledge (Kanoon-e-Tibb, Al-Hawi) with chronic-disease clinical practice — Unani practitioners are increasingly sought for metabolic disorders, respiratory conditions, skin diseases, and male reproductive health where classical regimenal therapies offer evidence-backed adjunct value.
Unani doctors in India practice Tibb-e-Unani (Greco-Arab medicine) — diagnosing through Mizaj (temperament) assessment and Nabz (pulse) examination, then prescribing herbal compound formulations (Joshanda, Itrifal, Laboob, Majoon) and regimenal therapies (Ilaj Bil Tadbeer) including Hijama (cupping), massage (Dalk), and Hammam (steam bath). The standard route is BUMS (Bachelor of Unani Medicine and Surgery, 5.5 years including 1-year compulsory internship) admitted via NEET-UG through AYUSH counselling from a CCIM/NCISM-recognised college. Practice settings span government AYUSH dispensaries, dedicated Unani hospitals (Karol Bagh Unani Hospital Delhi, Hyderabad Tibb-e-Unani), the Hamdard Wakf Foundation network, National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM Bengaluru), Jamia Tibbiya Deoband (Saharanpur), academic institutions, and AYUSH Health and Wellness Centres under Ayushman Bharat. The work integrates rigorous classical-text knowledge (Kanoon-e-Tibb, Al-Hawi) with chronic-disease clinical practice — Unani practitioners are increasingly sought for metabolic disorders, respiratory conditions, skin diseases, and male reproductive health where classical regimenal therapies offer evidence-backed adjunct value.
A typical mid-level Unani Doctor working at an AYUSH Health & Wellness Centre starts at 8:30 AM reviewing follow-up notes and pharmacy stock (Joshanda, Itrifal). Morning OPD (9:00–12:00 PM) covers 30–40 patients — each consultation involves Nabz (pulse) and Mizaj assessment, Asbab-e-Sitta Zarooriya history, diagnosis, and a classical Nuskha (prescription). Noon is reserved for supervising Ilaj Bil Tadbeer — Hijama (wet cupping) sessions for cervical spondylosis and chronic-pain patients, with careful point selection at Akhdar (occipital) and Kahil (interscapular) sites. Afternoon (2:00–5:00 PM) covers a second OPD batch with more complex chronic cases — psoriasis, metabolic syndrome, PCOS — requiring custom Parhez (dietary) and Riyazat (exercise) prescriptions alongside formulations. The final hour is administrative: AYUSH-HIS documentation, monthly NHM OPD-count reports, and Unani pharmacy batch-quality checks against PUIM standards. Evenings may involve CCRUM research-trial follow-ups or preparing the weekly district AYUSH supervisor summary.
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Homeopathic doctors in India practise classical homeopathy — taking long, narrative case histories, mapping symptoms to a constitutional remedy via repertorisation, and prescribing highly diluted single remedies (Sulphur, Natrum mur, Lycopodium, Nux vomica, Phosphorus, etc.) in centesimal or LM potencies. The qualifying degree is BHMS (Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery, 5.5 years including a year of internship) admitted via NEET-UG with a separate AYUSH counselling round, with MD-Homeopathy specializations in Materia Medica, Repertory, Organon, Pharmacy, Practice of Medicine, Paediatrics, or Psychiatry. Practice spans government AYUSH dispensaries (every state has them, often in PHCs), large homeopathy chains (Dr Batra's, Schwabe India, SBL, Bakson), independent clinics in tier-2 / tier-3 cities (where homeopathy retains strong patient trust), and online-consultation platforms (Lybrate, Practo, Justdial, mPower / Curofy). The profession sits in an unusual place — legally recognised under the Homoeopathy Central Council Act and the National Commission for Homoeopathy, yet the underlying mechanism (extreme serial dilution beyond Avogadro's number) remains scientifically unsupported, with major systematic reviews (NHMRC Australia 2015, EASAC 2017, House of Commons UK 2010) finding no evidence of effects beyond placebo. A clear-eyed practitioner takes the legal-and-cultural reality seriously, manages chronic-functional and self-limiting cases ethically, and refers acute / serious cases to allopathic colleagues without delay.
Psychiatrists are the medical doctors of mental health — diagnosing and treating depression, anxiety, OCD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, ADHD, addiction, dementia, eating disorders, and the complicated overlap zones where brain biology meets life circumstance. Unlike clinical psychologists, psychiatrists prescribe medication, admit patients, run ECT, manage medical comorbidity, and carry the legal authority to certify mental capacity, sign committal orders under the Mental Healthcare Act 2017, and direct inpatient psychiatric care. The Indian path is MBBS plus MD Psychiatry (3 years) via NEET-PG — competitive but not as crushing as surgery or radiology — with premier seats at NIMHANS Bangalore (the most prestigious mental-health institute in South Asia), AIIMS Delhi, IHBAS Delhi, PGIMER Chandigarh, JIPMER, and CMC Vellore. Workplaces span government psychiatric institutes, large private hospitals (Apollo, Fortis, Manipal, Max, Medanta), stand-alone psychiatric and de-addiction centres (Hope Trust, Cadabams, Manas), private clinics, and the rapidly growing Indian online-mental-health platforms (Amaha, Lybrate, Practo, MFine, Manastha) where senior consultants now earn supplementary ₹15-50L from tele-consults. Demand has structurally exploded post-COVID — India has roughly 0.75 psychiatrists per 100,000 population versus a WHO recommendation of 3, and the supply-demand gap will widen for the next two decades.
Provide therapy to patients with visual impairments to improve their functioning in daily life activities. May train patients in activities such as computer use, communication skills, or home management skills.
Assist patients in obtaining services, understanding policies and making health care decisions.
All health technologists and technicians not listed separately.
Direct nursing staff in the provision of patient care in a clinical practice setting, such as a hospital, hospice, clinic, or home. Ensure adherence to established clinical policies, protocols, regulations, and standards.
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