Radiation Oncologists in India design and deliver ionising radiation therapy — IMRT, VMAT, SBRT/SABR, 3D-CRT, and brachytherapy (HDR + LDR) — for curative and palliative intent across solid tumours including head-and-neck, breast, cervix, prostate, lung, rectum, and brain. The Indian training path is MBBS (5.5 years) followed by MD Radiotherapy or DNB Radiation Oncology (3 years) via NEET-PG, with premier seats at Tata Memorial Centre Mumbai, AIIMS Delhi, PGIMER Chandigarh, JIPMER, Regional Cancer Centres (RCC Thiruvananthapuram, MNJ Hyderabad), Kidwai Institute Bengaluru, RGCI Delhi, and private oncology networks including HCG, Apollo Cancer Centres, ACTREC Navi Mumbai, and Manipal Cancer Centre. The specialty sits at the intersection of radiation physics, anatomy, and oncology biology — a radiation oncologist must understand absorbed dose (Gy), fractionation radiobiology (BED, α/β ratios), treatment planning system (TPS) algorithms, and AERB regulatory compliance simultaneously. With 1.4 million new cancer cases annually in India and IMRT/SBRT penetration still under 30% of eligible patients, the demand-supply gap for trained radiation oncologists is acute.