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Nephrologist

Healthcare

Nephrologists are internal medicine super-specialists who manage the entire spectrum of kidney disease: CKD staging and slowing progression with ACEi/ARB/SGLT2i, acute kidney injury in the ICU, dialysis prescription for end-stage renal disease (HD 3×/week or CAPD continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis), glomerulonephritis workup and biopsy-guided immunosuppression, transplant medicine from workup to lifelong post-transplant surveillance, and electrolyte and acid-base emergencies. The Indian path is MBBS plus MD General Medicine (3 years) plus DM Nephrology (3 years) — six years of postgraduate training that is among the longest subspecialty pipelines in Indian medicine. Premier seats at AIIMS Delhi, PGIMER Chandigarh, JIPMER, CMC Vellore, KEM Mumbai, KGMU Lucknow, and NIMHANS-affiliated centres. The 2026 India context: CKD burden is estimated at 800 million at-risk individuals given the diabetic and hypertensive population, CAPD penetration is under 3% versus HD, transplant-grade nephrologists are in single-digit supply at many state capitals, and dialysis economics favour hospital-network nephrologists at ₹1.5-3Cr at the apex.